Kwifoto, icawe encinci yokulinganisa okugqibeleleyo kweRenaissance ihleli kwithambeka loMlambo iTiber, ijongiwe yema ngxi. Uhola wendlela wamandulo waseRoma, iVia Flaminia, wenza imingxuma yodaka emgceni othe tye. Le ndawo intle yejiyometri ngaphandle nje kweendonga zombindi weRoma kubonakala ngathi ayinakuguquka phakathi kowe-1522, xa uJacopo Vignola wamisa icawe yaseSant'Andrea del Vignola, nangowe-1871, xa kwathathwa lo mfanekiso. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukusukela ngoko. Xa ndadibana nombono we-bucolic kwiphepha le-Facebook elibizwa Ilahlekile iRoma , kwandithatha umzuzwana ukuyibona njengengingqi apho ndakhulela khona. Ndichithe ixesha elininzi lobuntwana bam nditshintshela ezantsi kwendlela ebhityileyo, eluhlaza-eluhlaza (indlela esele ikhutshiwe ziitram ezininzi ezinamanzi kwintengiso enemibala), kwaye iSant'Andrea yayi, kwaye iyinto eyedwa , zibiyelwe ziingcingo zomnxeba, zijikelezwe ziinqwelo-mafutha, kwaye kulula ukungahoyi kangangokuba nabaqhubi beekhabhi abayazi ukuba ikho. Imithi yepayini isayigcina inkampani, nangona kunjalo.

Ukuphindaphinda iindwendwe eRoma zihlala zinoluvo lokuba isixeko sibizwa ngokuba nguNaphakade kuba asitshintshi. Ungabuyela kwi-piazza ethandekayo emva kweminyaka engama-25 kwaye uzikhohlise ngokubona ulutsha olufanayo luhleli kwizithuthuthu ezifanayo phambi kwebhari enye yekofu. I-Roma Sparita ilungisa inkohliso yokungaphelelwa lixesha kunye nenqanawa ekhula ngokukhawuleza yeefoto ezibonisa ukuvela kwesi sixeko ngokuchanekileyo ngokungenanceba.

Ngo-2009, u-Daniele Chiù oneminyaka engama-33 osebenzela urhulumente wathumela ezinye zeefoto zakhe ezindala zaseRoma kuFacebook. Ixesha lakhe lokuzonwabisa kungekudala watsalela umzimba omncinci wabantu abathandanayo abangazani kodwa ababelana ngokuthanda kwabo isixeko. Namhlanje, ingqokelela ifikelele kwiifoto ezili-14,000 kwaye ikhula ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba ukuyilawula kunokuba lula ukuba ngumsebenzi osisigxina. Ngapha koko, iingcali ezintlanu ezixakekileyo-ugqirha wotyando, abembi bezinto zakudala ababini, kunye nengcali yeekhompyuter- zichitha ngokuhlwa nangeempela-veki bezilungiselela iminikelo yabalandeli abangaphezulu kwe-120,000, abadibanisa oovimba abakwi-intanethi, baskene iincwadi ebezingaprintwa amashumi eminyaka, bahlasela usapho iialbham, kunye nokubonelela ngokuzinzileyo kweenkumbulo kunye nobuchule, ukuguqula iphepha libe yimbali ebonakalayo yewiki-yembali yotshintsho lwesixeko.

Njengazo zonke iidolophu, iRoma yindawo yokutshintsha ejikeleza iindawo ezithile ezimiselweyo. Ukufota bekujikeleze ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuba kungabhalwa imijikelo emininzi yokuphangwa kunye nokulungiswa, ezinye zazo zisenokubangela ubushushu. Omnye umfanekiso okhuthaze amagqabantshintshi afudumeleyo abonisa uMusolini ethatha i-cornice yesakhiwo sendlu esembindini wembali, ecoca indlela yesitalato ethe tye, nekratshi ukuba kwesi sixeko semizila ejikeleziweyo luphawu oluqinisekileyo lamaphupha amakhulu. Ukudilizwa.

Ndikhulele ecaleni kwesitalato esinje. I-Via Flaminia, enye yeendlela ezindala ezidibanisa iRoma nobukhosi bayo, idubula ngasentla ukusuka kumbindi wedolophu kwindlela yayo ngaphaya kweApennines ukuya kunxweme lweAdriatic. Kuqala ukunqumla inyoka iTiber ePonte Milvio, ibhulorho apho, ngo-A.D. 313, uMlawuli uConstantine ekucingelwa ukuba wayenombono owamkhokelela ekubeni abe ngumKristu. Kude kube phakathi kwinkulungwane ephelileyo, uninzi lwale ndawo isemazantsi endawo ephakamileyo yaseParioli yayiyindawo enodaka yezantyalantyala zemvula, eyayihlala ikakhulu abafuduki basemaphandleni ababeze kukhangela imisebenzi. Ifoto ye-1950's ibonisa uhlobo lwe-panorama elihlazisa uhlanga lwala maxesha: idolophu encinci, NgesiTaliyane) atshatile phakathi kwebala elidala lebala lezemidlalo. Amatyotyombe ayechithachitheke ejikeleze idlelo elikhulu eligcwele iitanki, iimoto ezixhobileyo, kunye neelori zomkhosi, omnye umvakalisi ukhumbula kwiphepha likaFacebook. Sasidlalela ukudlala apho imini yonke.

Ii-Olimpiki zika-1960 zanyanzelisa loo ndawo ukuba ingabikho. Inkqubo ye- idolophu encinci yatshatyalaliswa, kwaye endaweni yayo kwavela isithili esenziwe yimibono kunye nemidlalo. Umzobi oqaqambileyo kunye nenjineli uPier Luigi Nervi wakha iPalazzetto dello Sport, ibala lomnyazi phantsi kwebala lekhonkrithi. I-Modernist eyaziwayo uLuigi Moretti wanceda ukuyila iOlimpiki Village ye-1,500 yamagumbi aphantsi egadini axhaswayo kwiikholamu zekhonkrithi ezazigcina iimbaleki ngexesha lemidlalo kwaye kamva zabuyiselwa kwiintsapho ezinengeniso ephantsi. Ngesiquphe, indawo eyayikhe yaneentloni yagubungela iminqweno emihle yase-Itali yasemva kwemfazwe.

Ngesizathu esithile, iRomany Sparita yeqa ngaphezulu kwexesha endilikhumbulayo, xa ulwandiso lwendawo evulekileyo phakathi kweendawo zokuphuma kwe-genteel lufumene umgangatho olungeleleneyo womhlaba. Uninzi lwexesha, indawo yokuhlala yayihlala phantsi, kodwa kube kanye ngonyaka, isekisi ehambahambayo yayiza kuhlala kwindawo enkulu ngaphandle kwefestile yam kwigumbi lokulala kwaye ukugquma okungathethekiyo kwe-savanna kwakuya kudibana nomculo we-tinny band. UMichele, umthengisi wezilwanyana olima iirhasi phambi kwesakhiwo sethu ngoburharha obunengqondo enye, wayehamba aye kwizindlu zeendlovu aze aqokelele umswane oza kuwusebenzisa njengesichumiso. Xa isekisi iphumile, kungene inkampu yamaGypsy, kwaye ndangxama ndothukile ndidlula kwiitreyila ezijikelezwe zihonjiswe ngokuhlamba okuqaqambileyo. Emva kokuba ii-gypsies zeza ii-transvestites zaseBrazil, ezazikhokela iimoto zabaxhasi bazo kubumnyama obuninzi kwaye zishiya iqashiso lihlwayelwe kukungcoliseka okungathandekiyo.

Kule mihla, iqashiso yipaki yabucala ngaphezulu kwegaraji engaphantsi komhlaba. Iisekisi, ii-gypsies, kunye nookumkanikazi abahambayo bahambile. Ubugcisa buye bathatha indawo yezemidlalo njengenjini yesithili yobumnene kunye nolwakhiwo lobungcali. Iokhestra iAccademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia ngoku yenza ikhaya layo kwiHholo leParco della Musica, ecaleni kweOlimpiki Village. Iiholo ezintathu ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo, zonke ziyilelwe nguRenzo Piano, iklasta ejikeleze indawo evulekileyo yokubonela, imithambo egobileyo yophahla lwazo eyenza ukuba ubunzima bukhangeleke ngathi lusapho lweebugs eziguqukayo. Kumakhulu ambalwa eeyadi kude, imyuziyam entsha yanamhlanje, i-MAXXI, ukugoba kwithambeka leerampu kunye nezinyuko eziyilwe nguZaha Hadid. Isithili saseFlaminio siye sabingelela yonke le nkcubeko ngendlela ebisenza ngayo imizuzwana emibalabala yee-1970's: ngokungayihoyi. Iholo labuguqula ubomi bomculo waseRoma, kodwa alikhange likhuphe sityalo sineevenkile zokutyela kunye neehotele, kwaye ubumelwane bugcina umoya othuleyo. Ibhulorho entsha yeTiber eyilwe nguPowell-Williams Architects iqale ngokuzolileyo ukwakhiwa, kodwa kubonakala ngathi akunakulindeleka ukuba inyuse isithuthi esixakekileyo kakhulu, kuba idibanisa i-MAXXI nesibhakabhaka esingenabantu.

Ngayiphi na imeko, ubumelwane sele bunebhulorho yeenyawo, eyenziwe ngamatye kwaye ityebile kwezothando kangangokuba unokulandela umkhondo wenkulungwane edlulileyo kunye nesiqingatha sembali yase-Italiya ngokubonakala kwayo e-Roma Sparita. Nanku ngo-1849, iarches yamandulo yaseRoma isemi kodwa ubude bayo bukhubazekile ngamaqokobhe ngexesha lokuvukelwa kwesisu ngokuchasene nolawulo lukapopu. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, iphinda ivele, ibuyiselwe kwaye yenziwe ngamatye e-cobble, ekhutshwe ziitram kunye needonki ezithwele imveliso kunye neenkuni zokubasa. Kumsonto wamagqabantshintshi, omnye obenegalelo ukhumbula intwana yosapho: Ngeminyaka yo-1920, umakhulu wayevuka ngentsimbi yesi-5 aye ePonte Milvio aze akhwele kwenye yeenqwelo zabalimi ezazisiya emarikeni. Nantso indlela awaqala ngayo ukusebenza.

I-commentariat yinqanaba elinomdla. Isixeko sememori (okanye intelekelelo) yidolophu ebucolic, engenazithuthi, akukho nto injengale megalopolis yanamhlanje. Kodwa umzila weenkumbulo ezithile ezothusayo, iingxoxo, kunye nophando oluhamba nefoto nganye iyasika kuloo ndawo inomdla. Imifanekiso nganye ivuselela ukugqabhuka kwamabango kunye nokukhumbula: umhla ibha yekofu eyaphuma ngayo kwishishini okanye iFiat yaqala ukuvelisa imoto ethile, inkumbulo yokwamkela umtshato ngo-1964, isikhumbuzo esothusayo sokuba emva kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, abantwana bagculela iimpundu zemidiza isitalato ukuze uhlambe kwaye uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde utshaye icuba, emva koko uthengise amanzi afakwe inikotini kubalimi ukuze bawasebenzise njengeyeza lokubulala izitshabalalisi.

I-Roma Sparita itshintshe indlela endijonge ngayo eRoma. Njengokuba iteksi yandikhawulezisa yehlisa iVia del Muro Torto, ehamba ngaphantsi kodonga lwakudala olugcinayo, ndakhumbula umpu owawusuka kwiminyaka yoo-1940 apho abakhweli behla khona ebhasini apho, kubonakala ukuba abanandawo yokuya. Ifoto ibangele abalandeli ukuba bakhumbule malunga nelifti kawonke-wonke ethi, phakathi kweminyaka ye-1920 kunye ne-50's, batyikitye abantu kwinduli yePincio ngasentla. Oomatshini kufuneka ukuba babhubhe ngokungakhathalelwa, kodwa njengoko ndandihamba ndibethabethana ngumoya, ndaqaphela ucango olungasasebenziyo olwenziwe ngomthi olufakwe kwi-buttresses enkulu, umnyango wesinyusi se-phantom.

Inyani yokuba iRoma Sparita isebenzisa i-Facebook njengeqonga ineengxaki zayo: ingqokelela ayinakukhangelwa ngokulula, umgangatho womfanekiso ulinganiselwe (ogcina ungasetyenziswa kwemithetho yelungelo lokushicilela), eminye imifanekiso ayinalo ulwazi, kwaye ii-albhamu zihlelwe Imimandla kamasipala eneenombolo, ezingasaziwa nangamaRoma obomi bonke. Oovimba abagcina izinto ngekhompyutha kwi-intanethi babonisa iimpahla zabo ngokungqongqo; iMyuziyam yeSixeko saseNew York, umzekelo, ngokuthe ngcembe ifakela imifanekiso enezisombululo eziphezulu koovimba bayo abagciniweyo kugcino lwedatha olunokukhangela ngononophelo. Kodwa iRoma Sparita yenze into engenakuze yenzeke kwimyuziyam: ukuqokelela indawo eyomeleleyo yoluntu yeebibitzers. Amagqabantshintshi akwi-Intanethi anokufumana i-vitriolic, amanyala, okanye isidenge, kwaye abaphathi bephepha bayipolisa ngemisonto ngokusemandleni abo. Kodwa ubuncinci apha uninzi lwabanegalelo basebenzisa amagama abo okwenyani, anceda ukugcina intetho iyinto yoluntu kwaye iluncedo, kwaye bamanyene luthando lwabo lwaseRoma.

Eli phepha libonelela ngeendlela eziwela uluntu, utshilo uSabrina di Sante, umembi wezinto zakudala oqhuba iphepha kunye namanye amavolontiya amane. Wonke umntu ungena ngaphakathi, ukusuka koonjingalwazi baseyunivesithi kunye nezifundiswa ukuya ebantwaneni. Abazi kakuhle benza ulwazi lwabo lufumaneke kwabanye, kwaye iingxoxo ziqala ukusuka kumanqanaba aphezulu kuye kumaqondo asezantsi. Okanye izinzile ndaweni ithile embindini, ukuze wonke umntu aqonde.

Inethiwekhi kuphela enokuthi ikhuthaze esi sixhobo sitsha sokubhala ngendaleko yesixeko, kodwa abadali bephepha banokufuna ukucinga ngaphaya kwe-Facebook ngoku. Ngamaxesha athile, ifeni ethetha kwifoto yeediliya iya kubonelela ngekhonkco kwiGoogle Street View. Iifoto zedijithali zinokufakwa kumatshini we-geo-zithunyelwe ngombane kulungelelwaniso lwejografi-kwaye ngelixa ukumakisha amashumi amawaka eefoto kungangumsebenzi omkhulu, umzamo ungavumela indawo yogcino ukuba ikhule ngokwendalo ibe yimephu yembali eshinyeneyo. Iitekhnoloji ezintsha zinokusebenzisa ngendlela emangalisayo le nto. Isoftware ka-Microsoft's Photosynth iluka iifoto ezimakishwe nge-geo kwindawo-ntathu, indawo ebanzi yendawo. Kungekudala, kuya kufuneka sikwazi ukusondeza kuyo nayiphi na indawo emhlabeni kwaye sikrole kwimbali yayo ephezulu. Siyakwazi ukubukela iidolophu zethu zitshintsha kwaye zibuyele, zakha kwaye zingakhi. Ngelo xesha, wonke umntu unokufumana amandla amakhulu embali: umbono osivumela ukuba sijikeleze isixeko kwaye singaboni nje ubuso bayo bangoku kodwa yonke imizimba yayo yangaphambili.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uPonte Milvio ufumene ubume obutsha beentsomi njengendawo apho izibini zithembisa ngokuthembeka kwazo ngokutshixa ikhonkco kwisibane sesibane. Umbhali uFederico Moccia wayenza yathandwa le nto yesiko ersatz kwinoveli yakhe ndiyakufuna (Ndifuna Wena) ngo-2006, kwaye iye yathandwa kakhulu kangangokuba abathengisi bahamba ngokutshixa kunye nee-Sharpies zokubhala imiyalezo kwi-stainless steel, kwaye abasemagunyeni bafake izithuba ezikhethekileyo zabathandi kwifestile. Isihlwele sase-Roma Sparita sitshixizisa amazinyo aso ngokudibanisa izinto ezingapheliyo, kodwa iprojekthi yabo ibonisa ubungqina obungathanda ukuyichasa: ukuba zonke iidolophu, nkqu neRoma, ziguqukela kwindawo engapheliyo, eyimfuneko yomnqweno kunye nokuyilwa. I-Roma Sparita isenokuba iqalile njengomthambo xa ujonga ngasemva, kodwa uzifumene, ufana noJanus, ejonge kwikamva lembali yasezidolophini-indibaniselwano emnandi yokufota, ukwenza imephu, kunye nenkumbulo edibeneyo.

Iholo yeParco della Musica

Kwisixeko esigcwele ubugcisa bezinto zakudala, iRenzo Piano kunye neapos s süber-iholo lomculo wakudala, elimile okweemouse ezintathu zekhompyuter, sele ithandwa kakhulu ngamaRoma.

IMyuziyam kaZwelonke yoBugcisa beXesha leXXI (MAXXI)

Ukuba iPalazzo Esposizioni zizinto ezininzi kubaphulaphuli ababanzi, iMyuziyam yobuGcisa beShumi elinesiBini leXesha, evulekileyo ngehlobo lowama-2010, icebisa nge-ajenda yangoku ethe kratya: imiboniso yodwa evela kubaculi bezinga lokuqala njengo Mzantsi UmAfrika uWilliam Kentridge kunye ubugcisa obuhlwempuzekileyo umsunguli wentshukumo uMichelangelo Pistoletto wabelana ngendawo yegalari kwisakhiwo esonyukayo, esilungekileyo esomeleleyo esenziwe nguZaha Hadid. I-alfresco cafe ethandekayo kunye nevenkile yeencwadi ezigqwesileyo zigcinwe kwisakhiwo esijonge-enye i-Hadid igcinwe kwisicwangciso sokuqala sesikwere.