Kwezi ntsuku, nabani na ujonge Shiya ilizwe , okanye kwabo imeko , kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo yonke into ukusuka kwiinqwelomoya ezikhoyo ukuya kwiimfuno zaphambi okanye okanye zasemva kovavanyo. Kodwa njengokuba ithemba lokushishina kukhenketho elihlayo liqhubeka likhangeleka njengenyaniso eqinisekileyo-njengoko izitofu ziqala ukuphuma e-US nakwezinye iindawo-umbuzo omtsha uyavela: kuya kufuneka ntoni ukuhamba kwixesha elizayo?

Iingcali ezininzi zichaze umxholo we ipaspoti yokugonya, okanye indlela (enokwenzeka yedijithali) yokugcina ulwazi lwezempilo olunokuvumela abahambi ukuba babonise ngokulula iirekhodi zokugonywa xa bengena kumazwe okanye naxa behamba phakathi kwamazwe.

Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ugonyo olubanzi lusemva kwexesha, kwaye into efunekayo ekuhambeni iyahluka ngokwamazwe, UDaniel Burnham, ingcali yokusebenza ngeeScott & apos; zexabiso eliphantsi, Ukuhamba + Ukuzonwabisa ukuba akalindelanga ukuba ukuhamba kube lula de kube ngu-2022.

Ayithethi ukuba zonke izithintelo kwindawo oya kuyo malunga nokutya ngaphandle okanye ukunxiba imaski ziyakunyamalala, utshilo uBurnham wepasipoti yokugonya. Kuya kubakho i-patchwork ixesha elide. Akuzukubakho sitofu sinye okanye ipasipoti yokugonya… ndicinga ukuba iiapos ziyakubanamatye okwethutyana.

Ukongeza, uBurnham uthe kuyakufuneka kubekho imfundo enkulu kakhulu evela kwiinqwelomoya nakwiibhodi zokhenketho ukwazisa abahambi ngokhetho lwabo.

Ngelixa iipasipoti zokugonya ezizalisekiswe ngokupheleleyo zisenokuhamba okomzuzwana, sinolwazi olunobungcali kuyo yonke into umthandi wokuhamba-ophosayo kwanokucinga ngokukhwela inqwelomoya-kuya kufuneka azi.

Yintoni ipaspoti yokugonya?

Embindini wayo, ipasipoti yokugonya ivumela abahambi ukuba babonise ukuba bagonyelwe intsholongwane eyosulelayo okanye usulelo. Ingxelo inokuba kwiphepha okanye ibe yidijithali.

Kodwa iingcali zixelele i-T + L eyona ngxaki inkulu ngokusebenzisa ubungqina be-immunology ukuwela imida kukuba izitofu zingahluka ngokwamazwe-kwaye oko kuyinyani ngakumbi ngezitofu zokugonya ezintsha ezinje nge-COVID-19.

Ngelixa INew York Times ixelwe Idatha evela kulingo lokugonya lweModerna COVID-19 lubonisa ukuba lunokunciphisa ukuhambisa (abathathi-nxaxheba abanikwe ifoto enye yesitofu sokuthintela iidosi ezimbini bafunyanwa bengenamathuba okuba ziziphathamandla ezingabalulekanga kunaleyo ikwiqela le-placebo), idatha ayikabikho isitofu sokugonya sePfizer.

Yonke into exhomekeke kwizitofu ezibonisiweyo ukuphelisa umngcipheko wokuhambisa okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhambisa, uGqr. Scott Weisenberg, umlawuli wenkqubo yamayeza okuhamba e-NYU Langone Health, uxelele uT + L. Eyona nto inokwenzeka kukuba & ampos; iyakuba yiyantlukwano ekusebenzeni kwisitofu esinye ngokuchasene nesinye… Nokuba [amazwe] asazifuna ezi mvavanyo phambi kohambo okanye iimvavanyo xa zifika ... kuyakubakho iindlela ezithile eziguqukayo ezisetyenziswa ngamazwe ahlukeneyo.

Baninzi abagqatswa beepasipoti zokugonya ze-COVID-19 ezinje nge I-CommonPass, okanye uMbutho weHlabathi wezoThutho loMoya kunye ne-apos; s Ukudlula kohambo lwe-IATA Oko kuyakubonisa ulwazi malunga neziphumo zovavanyo lomsebenzisi, ubungqina bokuchaphazeleka, kunye nekhonkco kwikopi ye-elektroniki yencwadana yokundwendwela. Inkampani yoKhuseleko kwi-SOS yamanye amazwe ikwaphuhlise usetyenziso olufanayo olubizwa ngokuba yi Ukudlula .

Kwinqanaba elinye, [i-CommonPass] yinkqubo ekuvumela ukuba uqokelele, ulawule, kwaye wabelane ngolwazi lwakho lwezempilo kwinqanaba labucala. Kwelinye inqanaba, yinethiwekhi yentembeko yehlabathi, u-Thomas Crampton, igosa eliyintloko lentengiso kunye nezonxibelelwano kwiProjekthi ye-Commons, utshilo. Unokwazi ukuba urhulumente kwelinye ilizwe athembele kwiziphumo zovavanyo ezivela kwelinye ilizwe.

Ngaba umxholo wepasipoti yokugonya intsha?

Hayi. Iipasipoti zokugonya sele zisetyenzisiwe ixesha elide- ziyafuneka ngandlela thile ukuthatha inxaxheba kubomi boluntu ukusukela nge-1800s, utshilo uCrampton.

Umzekelo obalaseleyo woku umkhuhlane omthubi . Amazwe aliqela eAfrika eneneni kufuna ubungqina babahambi abafumene ugonyo lwe-yellow fever , Kubhalwe ngaphakathi kwesiqinisekiso sokugonya okanye seprophylaxis (okanye ikhadi elityheli).

Umbono wokuqala yayilikhadi elityheli ledijithali, utshilo uCrampton nge-CommonPass. Indlela abangqine ngayo oko kungamaphepha angabekelwanga mgangatho kwaye afakwa ngomgunyathi rhoqo kwaye aphazanyiswe… ukuba kwelinye icala unenkqubo nomntu obotshwe kule nethiwekhi ... libali elahluke mpela.

I-CommonPass yenze ityala noCathay Pacific Airways kunye ne-United Airlines kwaye idibene neJetBlue, iLufthansa, iSwitzerland International Air Lines, kunye neVirgin Atlantic, kunye norhulumente wase-Aruba.

Igcinwa njani ingcaciso yakho?

Imiba yabucala ibalulekile kwaye ipasipoti nganye yokugonya ecetywayo isebenza ngokwahlukileyo.

I-CommonPass, edityaniswe kwiinkqubo zempilo ezingaphezu kwama-300, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bangene kwiziko lomboneleli wabo wezempilo ngaphakathi kweapp. Uhlelo lokusebenza emva koko luxelela abasebenzisi ukuba zeziphi iimvavanyo (okanye ekugqibeleni iirekhodi zokugonywa) abazifunayo kwaye bavelise ikhowudi ye-QR umhambi anokuyibonisa kwabasemagunyeni.

Asizukuyila nayiphi na itekhnoloji, utshilo uCrampton. Akukho kopi yesithathu yolo datha naphina… Asisebenzisi fancy technical [system] ... ukukhusela izinto. Into esiyisebenzisayo kuyilo oluqinileyo.

Ukupasa kohambo lwe-IATA kuya kuvumela iilebhu ezigunyazisiweyo kunye namaziko ovavanyo ukuba abelane ngokukhuselekileyo ngovavanyo kunye nezatifikethi zokugonya kunye nabakhweli. Ezo zatifikethi zovavanyo okanye zokugonya ziya kugcinwa kwiifowuni zabahambi kwaye iapp iyakuvelisa ikhowudi ye-QR yokwabelana ngolwazi olufanelekileyo nabasemagunyeni kwimida yokuwela.

Ngaba ipasipoti yokugonya iya kususa isidingo semaski kunye namanye amanyathelo okhuseleko aqhelekileyo?

Ngelixa sonke sinethemba lokubuyela ebomini njengesiqhelo ekugqibeleni, kuya kuthatha ixesha. Ukugcina iimaski zokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kunye nesanitizer yesandla okwangoku yindlela yokuhamba.

Nokuba [abantu] bahlala ebumelwaneni babo okanye batyelele kwenye indawo emngciphekweni omkhulu, de sibe sinolwazi olucacileyo lokuba izitofu zisusa umngcipheko wokosulela, kusafuneka bagcine loo mithetho yokuphambuka eluntwini kunye nokugquma imaski nococeko lwezandla, i-Weisenberg utshilo.

Ngaba iipaspoti zokugonya ziya kunyusa uhambo?

Impendulo emfutshane asikayazi okwangoku. Mhlawumbi baya kuthi ekuhambeni kwexesha, kodwa hayi kwixesha elizayo elizayo.

U-Israyeli, umzekelo, uthe uyakukhupha ipasipoti eluhlaza kwabo bagonyelweyo, ebavumela ukuba batyelele iivenkile zokutyela okanye bayeke imithetho yokubekwa bodwa, Reuters ingxelo . Kodwa ilizwe ngalinye liya kuba nemithetho eyahlukeneyo.

Kwaye ayikokuphuma ejele ikhadi lasimahla, utshilo uBurnham. Inxalenye yayo iya kuba yintoni onokuyenza xa ufika apho uya khona & apos; re? Zininzi iindawo endinokuziva ndikhuselekile ukuba ndingaya kuzo kwaye ndikhuselekile ukubhabha apho, kodwa ukuba awukwazi & ukwenza into ofuna ukuyenza kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo ... eya kuthi ibambe abantu.

Nokuba sele kugonyiwe izitofu, uBurnham uthe ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza akuyi kubuya ixesha elide.

'Ndicinga ukuba iyakunceda- inyathelo lokuqala, utshilo ngogonyo. 'Kodwa kuyakuthatha ixesha ngaphambi kokuba uthethe ngokungathandekiyo, kwaye niza kuhamba kuhambo lwempelaveki oluya eYurophu.'

Zisetyenziswa phi iipasipoti zokugonya ze-COVID-19?

Amazwe aliqela kunye neendawo eziya kuzo sele beqalisile ukukhupha iipasipoti zokugonya kubemi babo okanye bafuna ukuba bawele umda.

I-Iceland, iDenmark, kunye ne-Israel, umzekelo, bathe bazakunika iipasipoti zezempilo kubemi babo abagonyiweyo ngenzame zokubuyela kubomi obuqhelekileyo. Amanye amazwe, njenge-Estonia, Pholend , kunye neRomania, baye baphakamisa iimfuno zokubekwa bodwa kubahambi abagonyiweyo abavela kumazwe athile avumelekileyo (kodwa hayi i-U.S.

Ezinye iindawo, ezinjengeSeychelles kunye Jojiya , bamkela abahambi abagonywe ngokupheleleyo abasuka kulo naliphi na ilizwe (kubandakanya amaMelika). Kwaye amabini aseMelika athi - IVermont nase-New Hampshire-bade bayiyeka imfuneko yokuvalelwa bodwa kubahambi abagonyiweyo.

Ngelixa ukukhutshwa bekuhamba kancinci, ezinye iinqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa zenze intshukumo yokuvumela kuphela abahambi abagonyelweyo ebhodini, kubandakanya I-Crystal Cruises , Inkampani yaseMelika yaseQueen Steamboat, kunye neMigca yeeNqanawa yokuNqoba.

UAlison Fox ngumbhali onegalelo kuhambo + noLonwabo. Xa engekho kwisiXeko saseNew York, uyathanda ukuchitha ixesha lakhe elunxwemeni okanye ahlole indawo ezintsha kwaye unethemba lokundwendwela ilizwe ngalinye emhlabeni. Landela uhambo lwakhe Kwi-Instagram .