Indlela yaseLondon yokunyanzelisa iWothminster Abbey, esekwe ngenkulungwane ye-11 nguEdward the Confessor, ibambe indawo ekhuselekileyo kwiincwadi zembali zaseNgilani kangangeminyaka eliwaka. Ukusukela ekungcwalisweni kwayo ngo-1065, icawe ibone ukubekwa etroneni kwabo bonke ubukhosi bamaNgesi, ukungcwatywa kwamakhosi ali-17, kunye nokubhiyozela imitshato yasebukhosini eli-16 (kubandakanya, ngoku kutsha nje, leyo yeDuke neDuchess yaseCambridge).

Igcwele ngamangcwaba, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, izindlu zenkonzo, kunye namatye ezikhumbuzo, icawe yindawo yokuhambela kunye nomthandazo kwaye ihlala yenye yezona ndawo zingcwele zityelelwa kakhulu kwihlabathi, isamkela ngaphezulu kwesigidi seendwendwe minyaka le. Baze kunika imbeko kwilifa lesiNgesi kunye nokubeka iliso kwisithuba esothusayo sexesha elidlulileyo. Nge-28 kaDisemba ngo-2015, icawa yabhiyozela isikhumbuzo sayo seminyaka engama-950. Ewe kunjalo, isakhiwo esinye asihlali kwiinkulungwane zembali ngaphandle kokufumana ilifa lamabali aso. Funda iimfihlo ezili-12 ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ubungazi ngecawa edumileyo yaseNgilane.

Icawa yokuqala yakhiwa kwisiqithi.

Umlambo iThames kudala wawela elunxwemeni, kodwa ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-1 000 eyadlulayo, ukuqala kwenkonzo, kunye neNdlu zePalamente ezikufuphi, zaye zahlulwa kulo lonke elaseLondon ngokufanelekileyo kwinto eyayisaziwa ngokuba sisiqithi saseThorney. Ngelo xesha, icawe yaziwa ngokuba yi-west minster ngenxa yendawo eyayihlala kuyo entshona ye-Ludenwic (into eyayibizwa ngokuba licandelo lase-London ngexesha le-Anglo-Saxon) kwaye ekugqibeleni yayiza kwakhiwa kwakhona kwisitayile esitsha sama-Romanesque ngu-Edward the Confessor. Namhlanje, iPalamente isahleli kwithafa elisesiqithini, ngelixa iWestminster ihleli kweyona ndawo iphakamileyo yesiqithi.

Abantu abangaphezu kwama-3 300 bangcwatywa okanye bakhunjulwa apho.

Kuliwonga ukuba ubekwe e-abbey, kodwa ilungelo aligcinelwanga ookumkani kuphela. Ukongeza kwizindlu zamangcwaba kaEdward the Confessor, uHenry V, kunye noTudor ngamnye ugcinela uHenry VIII (ongcwatyelwe eSt.George's Chapel eWindsor castle), iWestminster ikwangumngcwabo wezikhanyiso ezifana noCharles Dickens, uRudyard Kipling , TS UEliot, oodade baseBrontë, uDylan Thomas, uJohn Keats, noGeoffrey Chaucer. UWinston Churchill ngokuqaphelekayo akekho phakathi kwabo — wala ukungcwatywa eWestminster ngezizathu zokuba akukho mntu wayehamba phezu kwam ebomini, kwaye abazukuya emva kokufa.

I-abbey igcwele ngamabali amanani amakhulu kunye namancinci.

Ingcwaba likaKing Edward I licace gca-kodwa yayingeyonjongo yakhe leyo. Ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe, inkosi eyoyikekayo, ekwabizwa ngokuba ngu-Edward Longshanks kunye no-Hammer waseScots, wayexakeke kakhulu kukoyisa iScotland kangangokuba washiya imiyalelo yokuba ingcwaba lakhe lihlale lize lize loyiswe ilizwe. Abazange babekho, ke ibhokisi yakhe ihlala icacile kwaye ilibalekile. Kodwa apho lo rhafu wasebukhosini wasilela khona, amanye, amanani athobekileyo akhunjulwa, anje ngomntu owayesebenza ngemibhobho yamanzi e-Abbey, uPhilip Clark, owasweleka ngo-1707 kwaye elele kwi-abbey kanye njengookumkani nookumkanikazi bayo.

Usihlalo weCoronation udibene negrafiti.

Usihlalo weKing Edward, owaziwa ngokubanzi njengoSihlalo weCoronation, apho inkosi nganye yesiNgesi yathweswa isithsaba ukusukela ngo-1308, ngoku ihleli kwigumbi elikhuselweyo ngaphakathi eSt George's Chapel kufutshane neGreat West Doors. Kodwa kukho ixesha apho kwakungagadwanga kangako. Ngexesha le-1700s kunye ne-1800s, amakhwenkwe esikolo kunye nezinye iindwendwe babeza kuthiba amagama abo kunye noonobumba kumthi. Nangona ubuninzi bomphezulu wesihlalo sele bucutyiwe, iintsalela zale mizobo zihlala zikhona. Omnye kumqolo wesihlalo usafunda ngokupheleleyo: P. Abbott walala kwesi sihlalo 5,6 Julayi 1800.

Icawa ibibandakanyeka kwi-heist yobomi bokwenyani.

Kwiminyaka engama-700, uSihlalo weCoronation wayequlethe iLitye leScone-ibhloko esisiseko yelitye lentlabathi elinemvelaphi yebhayibhile eyayisetyenziselwa ukubeka abalawuli baseScotland ngaphambi kokuba ithinjwe ngu-Edward I waseNgilani ngo-1296 asiwe eWestminster Abbey. Ngobusuku obandulela iKrisimesi ngo-1950, iqela labafundi baseScotland baliba eli litye balibuyisela kwilizwe labo; yafunyanwa emva kweenyanga ezine ngamapolisa yaza yabuyela eWestminster ngexesha lokuthweswa isithsaba kukaKumkanikazi uElizabeth II. Ngomhla ka-St. Andrew's ngo-1996, urhulumente wase-Bhritane walibuyisela ngokusesikweni eli litye kwilizwe labo-ngoku lifakwe e-Edinburgh castle ecaleni kwezacholo ze-Scotland-ngezizathu zokuba i-England iyalisebenzisa xa kubekwa izithsaba.

I-Abbey ngobuchwephesha ayisiyo-abbey konke konke.

Ulwahlulo oluchanekileyo yiRoyal Peculiar, okuthetha ukuba yiCawe yaseNgilani ephantsi kolawulo ngqo lolawulo. Ngapha koko, isihloko sayo esisesikweni yiCawa yamaCollegiant yaseSt. Peter, eWestminster. I-Westminster Abbey yamkelwa kuba yayikade isebenza kwindlu yoonongendi yaseBenedictine-i-abbey yicawa ekunqulwa kuyo iimonki. Umsebenzi we-Abbey wanyamalala kulawulo luka-Henry VIII, kodwa igama lisaphila.

Ubomi buka-Oliver Cromwell emva kokufa babuyinto eyoyikisayo.

U-Lord Protector wanikwa umngcwabo onobunkunkqele kwaye wangcwatyelwa e-Abbey ngo-1658. Nangona kunjalo, xa ubukumkani babuyiselwa e-1661, umzimba wakhe wemba ngaphandle kwengcwaba lakhe waxhonywa ngokusesikweni kwisikhumbuzo sokubulawa kukaKing Charles I. Emva koko, Intloko yakhe yayixhonywe kwipike ngaphandle kweWestminster Hall, watshintsha izandla amatyeli amaninzi phambi kokuba kungcwatywe okwesibini eSidney Sussex College, eCambridge. Namhlanje, ilitye lomgangatho liphawula indawo yokulala kwakhe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi eWestminster.

Akuvunyelwe ukuhamba engcwabeni loMkhosi Ongaziwayo.

Ingcwaba lomgangatho elisekupheleni ngasentshona, eligcina ijoni elingaziwayo lase-Bhritane elibulewe ngexesha leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, kuphela kwengcwaba kwi-abbey ongenakunyathela kuyo. U-Kate Middleton kwafuneka ajikeleze ilitye ngexesha lokuhamba kwakhe ezokutshata neNkosana uWilliam-kwaye emva koko washiya isipha sakhe apho ukuze ahloniphe isiko lomtshato wasebukhosini.

Linye kuphela ingcwaba elime nkqo.

Imbongi nomdlali weqonga uBen Jonson, owaziwayo ngomdlalo wakhe Wonke umntu e-Humor yakhe owake wabonisa uShakespeare kwi-cast, wayehlwempuzekile ngexesha lokufa kwakhe ngo-1637 kangangokuba wayenokugcina kuphela i-square feet ezimbini zendawo yakhe. Wangcwatywa emile kwindawo ekumantla eNave.

Kukho igadi efihlakeleyo onokuyindwendwela.

Igadi yeKholeji inokuba sesinye sezona zinto zifunyanisiweyo kuye nawuphi na undwendwe olungazi. Egqunywe ngasemva kweendonga eziphakamileyo nemithi, ingxolo yePalamente Square iyafa kwaye uziva ngathi ukwelinye ilizwe. Ngaphambili ibizwa ngokuba yi-Infirmary Garden, kuthiwa sesona sitiya sidala eNgilane, kwaye silinywa ngokuqhubekayo kangangesithuba seminyaka engama-900 kwaye sasikade sisetyenziswa ziimonki njengegadi yeziqhamo ukulima iziqhamo, imifuno kunye namayeza eyeza. Udonga lwamatye kwindawo yokugqibela kude kubuyela kwi-1376.

I-attic yayo ekudala ilibalekile ivulela uluntu.

Xa uHenry III walungisa i-Abbey phakathi kuka-1245 no-1269, wayishiya i-attic yayo, eyaziwa ngokuba yiTriforium, ingenanto kwaye ilibalekile. Nangona kunjalo, ibekwe kwi-70 yeenyawo ngaphezulu komgangatho wecawa kwaye inokufikelelwa ngezinyuko ezimxinwa ezijikelezayo kufutshane nePoet's Corner, iqulethe oko imbongi imbongi uSir John Betjeman akubize ngokuba yeyona mbono intle eYurophu — umbono ogqibeleleyo wenqanawa, kuquka netempile yaseSt. U-Edward iNgcaciso. Kwiminyaka engama-700, yayihlala iyindawo yokugcina izinto ezinomfanekiso oqingqiweyo, iglasi enamachaphaza, izixhobo zasebukhosini, isikrweqe sasebukhosini, kunye nezinye iicurios, kubandakanya into ekuthiwa yeyona sikhwenene sidala. Indawo le iyacocwa kwaye ihlaziyiwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-19 yezigidi zeepawundi kwaye, ngo-2018, iya kuvulela uluntu okokuqala ezimbalini.

Ingcwele iqikelela ukuphela kwehlabathi.

Uhlobo oluphakathi lwamatye emarmore awaziwa ngokuba yiCosmati lugubungela umgangatho ophambi kweAltminster's High Altar, efakwe ngamawaka amaqhekeza e-mosaic kunye ne-porphyry enza uyilo oluntsonkothileyo lweemilo kunye nemibala. Iqhina elidityanisiweyo elenziwe ngoonobumba bobhedu likhutshelwe ukupela umhla (1268), inkosi (Henry III), kunye nemvelaphi yezinto (iRoma), kunye nokubhekiswa kwisiphelo sehlabathi (siyixela ukuba iya kuhlala 19,683 iminyaka).