Kukho & iiapos zimbalwa yeziganeko zesibhakabhaka ezintle ngakumbi kune ukusithwa kwelanga ngokupheleleyo . (Ngaphandle, mhlawumbi ukusithwa kwelanga ngokupheleleyo.) Kodwa into ebizwa ngokuba 'yinyanga yegazi' ngumzuzwana osondeleyo.
Iyabonakala kwintshona ye-United States- kubandakanya iHawaii- nase-Australia nase-Asiya ngeeyure zokuqala zikaJanuwari 31, inyanga epheleleyo iya kuguqula umbala obomvu ube-orenji njengoko idlula kuMhlaba kunye nesithunzi esityebileyo.
Kuyenzeka ukuba ibe ngu inyanga enkulu kwaye inyanga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyenza ukuba ibeyinyani kanye kubomi. Inyanga eblowu yonke-in-one, i-supermoon, kunye nokusithwa kwelanga yinyanga akukwenzeki eMntla Melika ukusukela ngo-1866.
Yintoni i-supermoon, inyanga eblue, kunye nenyanga yegazi?
Ezi zizinto ezintathu ezahluke ngokupheleleyo ezithi zenzeke ngaxeshanye. I-supermoon kuxa inyanga ijongeka ngathi inkulu kancinci kunesiqhelo, kodwa ngumda omncinci kuphela. Kwenzeka kuba ujikelezo lwenyanga olujikeleze uMhlaba lu-elliptical, ngoko ngamanye amaxesha lusondele ngokwenene. Xa oko kungqamana ne- Inyanga ephelele , Ibizwa ngokuba yi-supermoon.
Le ayisiyiyo & apos; isiganeko esingaqhelekanga esingaqhelekanga. Kwakukho i-supermoon kuzo zombini i-3 kaDisemba, i-2017 kunye ne-1 kaJanuwari 2018. Kodwa inyanga epheleleyo ngoJanuwari 31 ikhethekileyo ngokukodwa, njengoko kusenzeka nokuba yinyanga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Inyanga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayisiyiyo imbonakalo ebonakalayo. Xa kukho iinyanga ezimbini ezipheleleyo kwinyanga enye, ibizwa ngokuba yinyanga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa yenzeka kunqabile. Ngenxa yoko ibinzana, 'kanye kwinyanga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.' Umboniso wokwenyani kaJanuwari 31 yinyanga yegazi.
Yintoni ukusithwa kwelanga yinyanga xa iyonke?
Inyanga yegazi yaziwa ngokuchanekileyo njenge-Eclipse. Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ziyibiza ngokuba yi & apos; umbral eclipse & apos; kuba yonke inyanga ingena kweyona ndawo imnyama yesithunzi soMhlaba, ebizwa ngokuba yi-umbra. Umhlaba uhlala ujonge isithunzi esikhulu emajukujukwini, kodwa inyanga idlula ngamanye amaxesha kuphela. Oko kunokwenzeka kuphela xa inyanga iphelele, xa uMhlaba ulungelelaniswe phakathi kwelanga nenyanga.
Umboniso uqala ngento ebizwa ngokuba yi-penumbral eclipse, njengoko inyanga iwela eMhlabeni kunye nesithunzi esikhanyayo kwaye sibangela ukuba ilahle ukukhanya kwayo kwesiqhelo. Malunga neyure kamva, inyanga ingena kwi-umbra kwaye iqala ukujika iorenji okanye ipinki kumda wayo.
Malunga nemizuzu engama-40 kamva, inyanga yonke ingaphakathi kwe-umbra- leyo ibizwa ngokuba lilonke. Ngokungafaniyo nokusithwa kwelanga yinyanga xa iyonke, iyonke ithatha malunga nemizuzu engama-40, ngelixesha apho inyanga ikufutshane kakhulu embindini womhlaba kunye nesithunzi somhlaba. I-physics iyafana nokutshona kwelanga: ukukhanya kwelanga kugobe ngoMhlaba nakwimeko yomoya ngaphambi kokuba ibethe inyanga. Umbala ngqo uxhomekeke kumhlaba we-apos, ococa imibala eyahlukeneyo yemibala. Ukuba kuye kwakho nawuphi na umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo, umzekelo, kwaye kukho uthuthu lwezinto ezisemoyeni, i & apos; igazi & apos; inyanga inokubangela.
Nje ukuba ukugqitha kugqityiwe, inkqubo iyajika, nayo yonke imibala iya ijika njengoko inyanga ishiya isithunzi seMhlaba kwaye ibuyele kukuqaqamba okupheleleyo, ngokungafani nenye into engaqhelekanga eyenzekileyo.
Iphi i-supermoon ka-2018 kunye nokusithwa kwelanga ngokupheleleyo?
Esi siganeko sinqabileyo sasesibhakabhakeni senzeka, endaweni yokungahambi kakuhle, ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga ngoJanuwari 31 kubabukeli eMntla Melika. Nangona ukusithwa kwelanga kuqala ngokuyinxenye kuqala malunga neyure ngaphambili, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu iqala nge-12: 51 Ixesha leNdalo iphela, kwaye ihlala iyure enye nemizuzu eli-16. Tyelela www.lungeloo.lcom kwaye ungene edolophini yakho ukuze ubone amaxesha endawo kwindawo yakho.
Kwabo baseOstreliya, eNew Zealand, eAsia nakuMbindi Mpuma, inyanga esisithelayo iya kubonakala emva kokutshona kwelanga ngoJanuwari 31.
Yeyiphi eyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokubona ukusithwa kwenyanga okuphezulu kwegazi okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngo-2018?
Naphi na kwicala lobusuku loMhlaba, nangona eMntla Melika kufanelekile ukuya ngasentshona. Abo basempuma baya kubona kuphela ukusithwa kwelanga okwethutyana, kwaye akukho lutshintsho kumbala. Nangona iyonke inokubonwa kancinci ukuya empuma, iDenver iya kuba sesinye sezixeko zokuqala eUnited States ukubona wonke umsitho. Itotali iqala eDenver ngo-05: 51 ekuseni ngeXesha eliPhezulu leNtaba, kwaye iphele ngo-07: 07 kusasa, kwimizuzu nje phambi kokubekwa kwenyanga. IiRockies, nangona kunjalo, zinokuthintela ukujonga kwamanqanaba okugqibela, ngenxa yoko ukuya ngasentshona yeyona ilungileyo. Amaxesha ayafana neSalt Lake City, kodwa ukuseta inyanga kwenzeka ngo-7: 41 kusasa ngexesha lendawo, ke inyanga iya kuba phezulu esibhakabhakeni.
Abo baseLos Angeles baya kukonwabela ukubonakala okungcono. Apha, inani elipheleleyo liqala ngo-04: 51 ekuseni ngeXesha eliPhezulu lePasifiki, kwaye liphela ngo-06: 07 ekuseni phambi kwenyanga emiselwe ngo-06: 54 kusasa.Inyanga enkulu enombala wobhedu iya kubonakala kufutshane.
Kodwa yi-Honolulu, eHawaii efumana owona mbono ubalaseleyo kuwo wonke umcimbi. Itotali apha iqala ngo-02: 51 ekuseni eHawaii-Aleutian Ixesha eliMiselweyo, kwaye iphele ngo-04: 07 ekuseni, yonke imnyama ibonakala phezulu esibhakabhakeni kude kudala phambi kokutshona kwenyanga nelanga.
Ungayifota njani i-eclipse yenyanga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Kukho izizathu ezibini zokuba ukusithwa kwelanga yinyanga lelona xesha lilungileyo lokufota inyanga: ayizukuboniswa ngombala ngokungaqhelekanga kuphela, kodwa nenyanga epheleleyo iya kuba mhlophe kakhulu kunesiqhelo.
Ukuba ufuna ukusondela kwenyanga kuya kufuneka uncamathisele i-DSLR kwilensi yefoto ende okanye iteleskopu. Nangona kunjalo, ilensi engile ebanzi inokufumana iziphumo ezintle. Ukugxila ngokuzenzekelayo enyangeni ngexesha lesigaba sokuqala se-penumbral usebenzisa isikrini seLCD, emva koko tshintshela kugxilwe kwimanyuwali ukutshixa ifoto.
Useto oluqhelekileyo lokuzama kwi-DSLR okanye ikhamera yesandla yi-ISO 200, ukuvula i-f11, kunye nokuvezwa kwe-1/60 yesibini ukuya kwi-1/15 yesibini. Xa ingqokelela iqala kwaye inyanga ithatha umbala, zama ukuvezwa kwemizuzwana emithathu okanye emine kwi-ISO 800 okanye kwi-ISO 1600. Uyakuthi ubambe neenkwenkwezi ezijikeleze inyanga. MrEclipse.com unezinye iingcebiso kunye nobuchule.
Ukuba awunayo i-DSLR, zama ukusebenzisa i-smartphone ngokusebenzisa iteleskopu encinci, okanye ngasemva kwesibini see-binoculars.
Ingena nini inyanga ukusithwa kwelanga yinyanga elandelayo?
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-150 ukwenziwa, musa ukufumana ithemba lakho lokufiphala kwenyanga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eMntla Merika. Akukho xesha lide ukulinda inyanga elandelayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nangona kunjalo, kuba iinyanga ezimbini ezipheleleyo ziya kubakho ngoMatshi 2018. Ukufiphala kwegazi okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okulandelayo kuya kwenzeka ngoDisemba 21, 2028, nangona izakubonakala ngokuyinxenye kulo mmandla.
Kodwa owona mbono wangempela nge-31 kaJanuwari kukusithwa kwelanga yinyanga iyonke, nesiganeko esiqhelekileyo ngokumangalisayo. Ukubonakala ngaphezulu kwendawo ebanzi kakhulu xa ukusithwa kwelanga ngokupheleleyo, ukusithwa kwelanga okulandelayo kuya kwenzeka ngoJulayi 27, 2018 kubabukeli benyanga eMzantsi Melika, eYurophu, eAfrika, eAsia naseOstreliya. Kukho enye ngoJanuwari 21, 2019 kwabo baseMantla nakuMzantsi Merika, iPacific, iYurophu neAfrika.