'Umoya wam ukrweleke kuwo wonke umzi wendlu yakho!' umyili oselula wabhala ngokungaphefumli kumxhasi wakhe ngo-1918. Inene, umoya kaLe Corbusier, ongomnye wabayili bezakhiwo abanempembelelo kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane, ugcwele eLa Chaux-de-Fonds eSwitzerland, indawo awazalelwa kuyo kunye nesiza izakhiwo zakhe zakuqala. 'IPicasso yoyilo,' umbhali-mbali wezobugcisa uNikolaus Pevsner wambiza.

Imisebenzi yokwakha kaLe Corbusier, owayehlala ukusuka ku-1887 ukuya ku-1965, ihlala ihlolwa ngamaxesha amabini: ezo zenziwe emva kowe-1918 kwisigaba sakhe sePurist, kunye neefom zejometri eziphambili, ii-facade ezimhlophe, iiplani zomgangatho ovulekileyo, kunye neefestile, kwaye ezo zenziwe emva IMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, ebandakanya iifom ezingqingqwa, ezinje ngeefestile ezingafakwanga ngendlela efanelekileyo, iindonga ezigobileyo, kunye nophahla olunamaphiko asongwayo kwindlu yakhe yodumo eRonchamp, eFrance, nakwiNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseChandigarh, eIndiya.

Omabini la maxesha avele kwiminyaka yakhe njengomfundi eLa Chaux-de-Fonds. Kule dolophu incinci eJura, emantla eNeuchatel, izindlu ezintlanu zeLe Corbusier & apos zisamile kwaye zinokujongwa ngokulula. Yena ngokwakhe wabashiya kuvavanyo lomsebenzi wakhe; Kamva kuphela wabandakanya iVilla Turque, umzekelo wokuqala wobugcisa bokwakha kunye nesinye sezakhiwo zokuqala zokuhlala ukuxhaphaza amandla ekhonkrithi eyomeleleyo.

Umoya wam wanyuka njengoko ndandiqhuba iiyure eziyi-1/2 kumantla eLausanne ndisiya eLa Chaux-de-Fonds ngokufiphala kwemithi yegolide kunye nezidiliya ezinobhedu. Yakhawuleza yehla xa ndabona isixeko uqobo, umqolo phezu komqolo wezindlu zoohlohlesakhe ezothusayo ezikhumbuza idolophu yomzi-mveliso waseNgesi.

Kodwa xa ndinyuka ndisuka embindini wedolophu ndinyuka intaba ndisiya emantla, iingcinga ezimnandi zeebhalkhoni zeArt Nouveau zaqala ukuhluma kwizindlu ezibanzi. Ndifunde kamva ukuba iLa Chaux-de-Fonds sesinye sezixeko ezimbalwa ezijongwa njengeziko loyilo lweArt Nouveau, enemizekelo eqala malunga nonyaka ka-1902. Le yayiyeyona mpembelelo iphambili kuphuhliso lobugcisa bukaLe Corbusier, izindlu zakhe zakuqala zazinoluhlobo.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane, iLa Chaux-de-Fonds yayiliziko loshishini lokubukela laseSwitzerland, elalibalelwa kuma-60 eepesenti alo lonke ilizwe nelithumela ngaphandle. 'Eli xesha libubomi obunamandla nobukrelekrele apha, utshilo uFrancoise Frey, ilayibrari yoovimba bolondolozo lweLe Corbusier eBibliotheque de la Ville. 'Okuninzi kubangelwe nguCharles l & apos; Eplattenier, Le Corbusier & apos; mcebisi, kwaye kuninzi kubukho beshishini lamaJuda, abagunyazisa izindlu kwaye babengabachwephesha bezobugcisa nenkcubeko.'

Ngaphandle kwesikolo sobugcisa kunye neshishini kushishino lweewotshi, isixeko sasinesikolo sobugcisa apho abafundi bafunda ukukrolwa kunye nokuhonjiswa ngehashe lokuhombisa iiwotshi. I-L & apos; U-Eplattenier, opeyintayo kunye nomkroli, wafundisa apho malunga ne-1900, xa uLe Corbusier wafunda ukukrola phantsi kwegama lakhe lokuzalwa, uCharles-Edouard Jeanneret.

I-L & apos; U-Eplattenier ukhuthaze uLe Corbusier ukuba afunde ngezokwakha kwaye wanceda ekufumaneni umthengi wakhe wokuqala, usomashishini wasekhaya ogama linguLouis Fallet. Ngo-1904, eneminyaka eyi-17 ubudala, uLe Corbusier wayila i-Villa Fallet, ebekwe kwinduli esemantla eLa Chaux-de-Fonds. Le ndlu yohlobo lwe-chalet, enophahla olunqabileyo kunye neebhalkhoni ezijonge esixekweni, iphefumlelwa kwihlathi leepayini elijikelezileyo. Ifreyimu yasemazantsi eflamboyant ine-frieze yemithi yepayini eyenziwe ngesitayile; iipine motifs zikroliwe kwizibiyeli zophahla; kunye neefestile ze-mullions zijongela ezulwini njengamasebe ephayini.

Ngokukodwa, umhombiso wangaphandle utyhila inqanaba eliphezulu lobugcisa obabukho kwesi sixeko sokwenza iwotshi. Lilonke, iVillage Fallet yindlu yolutsha, eyonwabileyo ekwimeko entle. Ukuyijonga, uyazibuza ukuba ingaba umakhi uyile njani ukusuka kule nto ukuya kwizakhiwo ezizimeleyo zeminyaka yakhe yamva.

ILe Corbusier & apos; Abathengi ababini abalandelayo babeqhelekile kubutyebi baseLa Chaux-de-Fonds bourgeoisie. Ulysse-Jules Jaquemet, ogqiba iwotshi, kunye noAlbert Stotzer, utitshala wobuchwephesha, babengabazali abasebatsha baseFallet. Ngomnyaka we-1908 babenemihlaba eyi-Stotzer kunye neJaquemet eyakhiwe ecaleni komnye nomnye kwinduli efanayo ne-Villa Fallet. Nangona zozibini zihlaselwe namhlanje, zibonisa isitayile esifanayo se-chalet, esomelezwa yiLe Corbusier & apos; uphahla olukhulu kunye neebhalkhoni ezitshayayo.

Ngo-1907, uLe Corbusier wayeye kwizixeko ezikhulu zase-Itali naseVienna; Kamva watyelela iJamani kwaye ekugqibeleni waya ku-Mbindi Mpuma ngo-1911. Ukonwaba kwakhe kwizindlu zangaphakathi zamaSilamsi, amagophe abo angalindelekanga kunye nokungafuni ukwamkela ukukhanya, kubonakaliswe kwizindlu zakhe ezimbini zokugqibela eLa Chaux-de-Fonds.

IVilla Jeanneret, eyaziwa ngabahlali njengeNdlu yeWhite House, yayakhelwe abazali beLe Corbusier & apos ngo-1912. Kwakhona, ingaphandle elibalulekileyo, elibonakalisa ukuhamba kwakhe kunye nokuvela kwakhe e-Art Nouveau. Ukungena kuyamangalisa kwaye kuyalahlekisa, kukhokelela kwizinyuko ezinqumla egadini ukuya kwindawo evaliweyo. Nangona udonga olugciniweyo lujamelene nelitye, iindonga ezimhlophe ze-stucco kunye neefestile ezandisiweyo zenza ukuba indlu ibonakale ngokucacileyo ukuba yeyangoku. Ngoku ophethwe ngusomashishini ongekhoyo, iVilla Jeanneret yonakaliswa kukungahoywa. Kodwa uphahla lwayo lomhlaba olujikeleze umhlaba luyacinga ukuba ikhomishini elandelayo, iVilla Turque.

Eyakhelwe usomashishini u-Anatole Schwob, le ndlu inomdla ibonisa ukupheliswa, kunye nokupheliswa, kweLe Corbusier kunye nomsebenzi we-apos eLa Chaux-de-Fonds. Kwimeko efanelekileyo, yabuyiselwa ngo-1987 yinkampani yokubukela i-Ebel, eyisebenzisa njengeziko loluntu kunye nendawo yemiboniso kunye neekonsathi.

I-Villa Turque (i-Villa yaseTurkey) ithatha uhlobo lwayo kwisiGrike, okanye iByzantine, umnqamlezo. Iingalo ezisecaleni zijikeleziwe, zibonisa umdla weLe Corbusier kunye neapos ekhulayo yokuthabatheka ngamagophe kunye neemosque zaseTurkey. Ngokungafaniyo nezindlu zangaphambili, iVilla Turque inomhombiso omncinci wangaphandle. Ukusuka esitratweni i-facade yegolide yezitena, i-bland kodwa i-oval portholes ezine, ayiniki nto malunga nezinto zangaphakathi.

Apha ukukhanya kugcwalisa indawo yokuhlala enemigangatho emibini ngeefestile ezinkulu ezime nkqo zijonge igadi esezantsi. Kwibali lokuqala, iibhalkhoni zikhanyiswe ngeefestile ezingalweni zomnqamlezo, zivumela ukukhanya ukuba kuhambe ngokungafaniyo nangokuthe tye.

U-Andree Putman kunye ne studio yakhe yoyilo eParis, i-Ecart, babuyisele ngaphakathi i-Villa Turque. I-lacquer ye-Beige, imithi evuthayo, kunye neendonga ezinemibala yophondo lwendlovu zihamba phambili, kukho iikhaphethi ezijikelezayo kunye nefenitshala ye-Eileen Gray ethe saa kuyo yonke loo nto ihambelana nomdlalo wokukhanya nesithunzi. ULe Corbusier noGrey babengabahlobo; Wakha indlwana engezantsi kwakhe eRoquebrune, eFrance, apho warhaxwa khona ngo-1965 ngethuba edada kwiMeditera.

Ngomoya wokuqonda umhlaba weLe Corbusier kunye ne-apos, ndigqithile kwindawo yakhe yokuzalwa, enye yezo ndlu zineengcungcu. Mhlawumbi ichaza ngokuyinxenye ukuba kutheni efulathele uyilo lwasekhaya. Ndindwendwele enye indalo yakhe, iScala cinema, eyilelwe ngo-1916 kwaye ngoku iphinde yakhiwa kwakhona. Kwaye ndindwendwele i-Musee des Beaux-Arts, eyakhiwe yiChapallaz kunye ne-l & apos; Eplattenier, ukubona ifanitshala eyenzelwe nguLe Corbusier: isitulo sowe-1916 sezitulo, iitafile, kunye nesofa, enemilenze egobileyo kunye nokuhomba okuncinci.

Imyuziyam ikwanomzobo kunye nepeyinti ecaciswe kakuhle nguLe Corbusier, zombini zenziwe kwisitayile sakhe esikhanyayo se-Cubist, esifana nomsebenzi weLeger. Kwaye kukho omnye umzobo, umzobo kaLecorbesier, uyilo kunye nootatomkhulu ongumama, onokuthi asombulule iphazili ejikeleze igama lakhe. Yamkelwa ngo-1920 nguJeanneret, uLe Corbusier uthetha 'ihlungulu' ngesiFrentshi. Ngandlela thile, ababhali-mbali abathetha isiNgesi bayiguqulele le 'njengegwababa,' intaka enobuqili, eyayinguLe Corbusier. Izazi ngembali zaseFrance nezaseSwitzerland zithi eli pseudonym lathathwa kwigama likatat'omkhulu kunye neapos. Umzobo, ngokufana kwawo okuqinileyo noLe Corbusier, usikhumbuza ukuba ezinye zeengcambu zentshukumo ye-Modernist kuyilo lukhule ukusuka kwinduli ye-La Chaux-de-Fonds.

USUSAN HELLER ANDERSON, Intatheli yangaphambili yeNew York Times, ubhala malunga nobugcisa.

Oololiwe bahamba ngeyure ukusuka eGeneva, eLausanne naseZurich ukuya eLa Chaux-de-Fonds. Uhambo, oluthatha malunga neeyure ezimbini, lubiza i-33- $ 65 yokujikeleza. Mhla ndandiseVilla Turque, umfundi wezokwakha wafika engaxelwanga kwaye wamkelwa kwangoko. Nangona u-Ebel ethanda iindwendwe ngokuqeshwa, 'zange sijike nabani na, utshilo uJanine Perret-Sgualdo, inkampani kunye nenkcubeko. Izindlu zangaphambili zezabucala kodwa zinokubonwa ngokucacileyo ngaphandle.

VILLA FALLET
1 Pouillerel umendo

UVILLA STOTZER
6 UChemin de Pouillerel

IVILLA JAQUEMET
8 UChemin de Pouillerel

UVILLA JEANNERET
12 UChemin de Pouillerel

TURKISH VILLA
167 Rue de Doubs
41-39 / 235-232

KWI-CORBUSIER BIRTHPLACE
38 Rue de la Serre

ICINEMA SCALE
52 Rue de la Serre

IIMBALI ZOBUGCISA OBUHLE
I-Rue des Musees
41-39 / 230-444

ILayibrari yeSixeko
33 Rue du Progres
41-39 / 276-831