Iiroller coasters zisenokuba ngumhlanzo- kunye noomatshini abenza ukonwaba, kodwa bayimizekelo ebangel 'umdla emsebenzini wefiziksi.
Ukufumana umtya weemoto ngeqhina lamaconsi, ukuqengqeleka, ukuqengqeleka kunye nokwazisa kufuna amaqela eenjineli zoomatshini ezihlalutya iikhonsepthi ezinje ngemikhosi, ukukhawulezisa kunye namandla. Ukufumana uluvo lwesayensi emva kokukhwela esikuthandayo, sathetha noJeffrey Rhoads, unjingalwazi kwiSikolo sePurdue seZobunjineli boMatshini kunye nomyili weklasi ye-roller coaster dynamics class.
Ukugqiba iSekethe
Masiqale ngeziseko. Ii-roller coasters, njengayo yonke enye into, kufuneka zithobele umthetho wolondolozo lwamandla, okuthetha ukuba uloliwe unokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwinani eligciniweyo (elinokubakho) lamandla.
Amandla anokubakho ahlala evela ekuphakamiseni uloliwe anyuse intaba ngetyathanga okanye ngentambo. Njengoko uloliwe ehamba ezantsi kwentaba, amandla anokubakho ajika abe kukuhamba okushukumayo (kinetic) amandla; uloliwe uhamba ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amandla e-kinetic anawo.
Amandla e-kinetic abuyela emva kumandla anokubakho njengoko iimoto zinyuka iinduli ezilandelayo. Ngenxa yokuba iimoto ziphulukana namandla athile ngemikhosi efana nokuxubana kunye nokutsalwa komoya, eyona ndawo iphakamileyo kwindawo yemveli (cinga: Iiflegi ezintandathu zeMagic Mountain UGoliyati okanye Colossus ejijekileyo Rides) phantse ihlala iyinduli yokuqala. Ukuba kukho elinye idrophu enkulu eza ngaphezulu kunokuqala, abaqulunqi bongeza iilifti ezingaphezulu (cinga: idrophu enkulu ekupheleni kweDisney & apos; s Splash Mountain).
IFiziksi emva kweRoller Coasters oyithandayo Ityala: UNicole Mays / Flickr (cc ngo-2.0)
Ezinye ii-coasters zehla ngaphezulu kweedigri ezingama-90, zijikile ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwinduli yokuphakamisa, njengakuyo Valravn eCedar Point. I-physics edlalayo iyafana, kodwa iRhoads ithi la matonsi anokunika imvakalelo ebukhali ngakumbi yokungakhathali.
Ezinye ii-coasters, ezinjengee-Six Flags Great Adventure zika-Kingda Ka okanye ze-Cedar Point's Top Thrill Dragster, zigcina amandla azo kwii-launcher, i-fluid okanye i-air-power-power pinger plungers, okanye kwii-electromagnets ezakhelwe kwingoma nakwiimoto. I-coasters zokuqalisa azidingi iinduli ezinkulu zokuphakamisa (ezigcina indawo eninzi), kwaye zibonelela ngolunye uhlobo lokonwaba olulindelweyo. Iipaki ezinkulu zifuna amava ahlukeneyo abakhweli kunye nokwazisa ii-coasters ziyindlela elungileyo yokutshintsha indlela oziva ngayo, utshilo uRhoads.
Iziporo, iiFlips kunye nokuGuquka
Iinjineli zenza ukonwaba ngokukhawulezisa-ngokutshintsha isantya sabagibeli kwiindlela zobunjineli eziphezulu, ezingezozendalo. Iinjineli ezi-coaster zibiza umthetho weNewton & apos wokunyusa abakhweli ukuba bazive behlangene amandla omxhuzulane kunye nokukhawulezisa, okuvelisa umzimba onomdla, ongaqhelekanga. Iziporo, izikrufu zekhokho, kunye nokujika okuqinileyo kunyanzelisa abakhweli & apos; imizimba ngokuthe nkqo nangokuthe tye ngeendlela ezibaliweyo.
Ukhe uzibuze ukuba kutheni le nto iiluphu zimile okweenyembezi, endaweni yetyhula? Umceli mngeni kukuyila utshintsho olungena luphume, 'utshilo uRhoads. 'Kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba i-apos ayichukumisi i-jerk, okanye utshintsho kwi-acceleration olungakhokelela kwi-whiplash. Nantoni na ehamba kwisindululo esihamba namava olunye uhlobo lokunyusa okubizwa ngokuba yi-centripetal acceleration, eyonyusa isantya imoto ihamba ngaso, okanye incinci isangqa. Isangqa esijikelezileyo sinokubangela i-jolt ukusuka kongezwe ngesiquphe isantya se-centripetal. Ukulawulwa kwemilo yetaardrop ukukhawulezisa, ukunciphisa umkhweli nge-loop kunye nokuthintela ijezi.
IFiziksi emva kweRoller Coasters oyithandayo Ityala: Howard Sayer / Getty Izithombe
Kwaye kukho imiqolo, enokuthi iphazamise abakhweli ngeendlela ezininzi. I-inline twists zijikelezo ezijikeleza oololiwe zijikeleze umzila, kodwa ii-rolls zentliziyo zizama ukujikeleza abakhweli ezijikeleze isifuba sabo. IColossus kwi Thorpe Park (ngentla) ngowona mzekelo ubalaseleyo wemiqolo yentliziyo emsebenzini- ukukhwela kwimizuzwana engama-90 kuqhayisa nge-10 inversions, kubandakanya imiqolo emine elandelelanayo. Siza kubona ngaphezulu [ii-coasters ezine] imiqolo emininzi kuthotho ngokulandelelana, utshilo uRhoads, kuba oko kudala ukubhideka okukhulu.
Umthi xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi
Iicasters zomthi azinako ukuhlala kakuhle kakhulu, ngenxa yoko azisoloko ziphazamisa kunabalingani babo bentsimbi. Ke kutheni le nto ukuba abanye abakhweli babakhethe? Abantu ... njengokulindela, ubungqongqo babo babaphakamisayo kancinci. Bafuna ukuziva ngathi ulwakhiwo luhamba ngaphantsi kwabo, utsho uRhoads. Iicasters zentsimbi ziphantse zafana ngqo. Kufana nokuqhuba isithuthi esidala ngokuchaseneyo nokuqhuba imoto yezemidlalo entsha.
IFiziksi emva kweRoller Coasters oyithandayo Ityala: ILos Angeles Times ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso kaGetty
Iicasters zomthi zihlala zingabinazo ii-loops okanye ii-rolls, kuba kungathatha iinkuni ezininzi kakhulu ukuxhasa amandla kaloliwe ohamba nzima. IHadesi 360 eMt. IOlimpus eWisconsin ixhasa umqulu kwiitraki zomthi ngensimbi.
IiCoasters ezizayo
Kukho iindlela ezininzi kuphela onokuthi ujikeleze abantu ngeenqwelo ezincinci ngokubathumela phezulu, ezantsi, nangaphezulu. Abanye abakhweli bokwakha benza amacandelo aqengqeleka ngokuzimeleyo kwiimoto, ajikeleze ii-axes ngokungqinelanayo nomkhondo, ezongeza ezinye ii-flips ngaphandle kokufuna iilogo ezingaphezulu. Ungayibona kakuhle le nto kwi IJoker kwiFlegi emithandathu kunye neapos; s Great Adventure (ngezantsi).
Amava e-roller coaster angaphezulu kwesixa sokunyusa kwabo, nangona kunjalo. Abanye abakhi bongeza izibane, umsi, ukuthumela ii-coasters phantsi komhlaba, kunye nokongeza iinyawo kunye neenyawo, ii-bar-close-but-not-too-close bars ezibonelela ngento eyongezelelweyo yovuyo kunye / okanye uloyiko. Leyo yeyokuhamba komendo esizokulandela okwethutyana, utshilo uRhoads. Okukhulu kunye nokukhawulezayo okuphumeleleyo & apos; akunakwenzeka ixesha elide.