Kwimbali enkulu yenqwelomoya yabantu, abona banethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo lokufikelela kwiinkwenkwezi ngoosomajukujuku abaziingcali abaqeshwe baqeqeshwa ziiarhente zikarhulumente kwihlabathi liphela-kunye nabahambi abasixhenxe abakhaliphileyo kwii-2000s zokuqala, elowo kubo wahlawula izigidi zokuchitha iintsuku ezimbalwa ungene kwiSitishi saMazwe ngaMazwe esiyiSithuba (ISS) Kodwa sikwi-cusp yexesha elitsha lokuhlola indawo, kunye neenkampani zorhwebo ezifana Intombi eyiGalactic kunye neBlue Origin ephuhlisa oosomajukujuku abakwaziyo ukuthatha abahambi abahlawula ngaphaya kobuso boMhlaba. Ngapha koko, siza kubona ukuphehlelelwa kweshishini lokhenketho kwisithuba seminyaka nje embalwa.

Kubo bonke abahambi abajonga iinkwenkwezi, sithethile nababesakuba ngusomajukujuku weNASA UGqr Leroy Chiao kwaye UGqr. Scott Parazynski Ukufunda ukuba zeziphi iingcebiso abanazo kubathathi-nxaxheba beflayithi yokuqala. Njengegqala leminyaka eli-15 le-NASA, uGqirha Chiao uthathe inxaxheba kwimishini emine-emithathu wayekhwele kwisiphekepheke enye kwi-ISS, awayesebenza kuyo njengokhomanda. UGqr. Parazynski wakhonza i-NASA kangangeminyaka eli-17, ehamba ngenqwelomoya ezintlanu kwishutile ngalo lonke ixesha lomsebenzi wakhe. Funda ukuze ufumane ezona ngcebiso zibalaseleyo koosomajukujuku bexesha elizayo.

Landela uGqirha Chiao I-Instagram kwi @cdrleroychiao kunye Twitter e @astrodude, kunye noGqirha Parazynski kuzo zombini I-Instagram kwaye Twitter @astrodocscott.

1. Umsebenzi wakho kuphela kwinqwelomoya iya kuba kukukhaba ubuye umva, uphumle, kwaye wonwabele ukukhwela.

Ukuba uthatha i-suborbital flight, yiyo le nto iinkampani ezinje ngeVirgin Galactic kunye neBlue Origin zikubonisayo, ukukhwela kwakho kuya kuba kukunyuka okukhawulezayo ukuya ezantsi ukufikelela kwindawo, kunokuba ujikeleze umhlaba ngokupheleleyo. Ngelixa uhambo luza kuba lufutshane, izakuba yinto elula kuwe xa kuthelekiswa namava oosomajukujuku abanamava. Ukuqala, awuyi kuba nexhala ngokubhabha ngenqwelomoya yakho. Oko konke kuya kumboneleli wesibhakabhaka. Awuyi kuba nalo naluphi na uxanduva ngaphandle kokonwabela amava-kwaye ungakhabi nabani na entloko, utsho uGqirha Parazynski. Uxanduva lwabo kwindiza lubonakala ngokuthe ngqo.

Kananjalo, iinkqubo zoqeqesho lwamava abakhenkethi abangaphantsi kwesithuba sincinci, mhlawumbi ziintsuku nje ezimbalwa ngobude ubukhulu becala. Icala elibi lokungabikho koqeqesho oluninzi kukuba awunazithemba zivela kuqeqesho oluninzi, utshilo uParazynski. Thelekisa oko noqeqesho endandinalo kwisiphekepheke, apho sasiqeqeshela khona amakhulu kunye namakhulu eeyure zokumilisela emajukujukwini. Ukuba into ibinokungahambi kakuhle, besiza kuyazi kakuhle into emasiyenze kwaye iintliziyo zethu bezingayi kutsibela isingqi.

Ke, ngaphandle kokufunda ukubeka ithemba lakho elipheleleyo kumboneleli wesibhakabhaka, uParazynski ucebisa ukuba uthethe nabantu abahambe ngaphambili ukuze unciphise uvalo. Ugqirha Chiao uyavuma: Elona cebiso lilungileyo ndinokukunika ekusunguleni- kwaye kulula ukuyithetha, kunzima ukuyenza- kukuzama ukuphumla kwaye wonwabele yonke inkqubo, utshilo. Nika ingqalelo ngexesha loqeqesho lwakho, thetha nabanye abantu ababelapho ukuba unako. Kwaye eneneni, unokumangaliswa- kukuzola oko!

2. Kodwa uyakufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphilile emzimbeni nasengqondweni.

Ndicinga ukuba abantu mabaphathe oku njengeeOlimpiki zabo okanye iSuper Bowl. La ngamava obomi ngenene, kwaye nangona ungadingi ukuba yimbaleki yeOlimpiki okanye intshatsheli yeSuper Bowl ukubhabha emajukujukwini, kuyanceda ukuba ulunge, utshilo uGqirha Parazynski. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, umzimba wakho uya kube ufumana uluhlu lweemvakalelo ezintsha ngexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya.

Kodwa ayisiyokomelela komzimba kuphela - ukomelela kwengqondo kubalulekile, nako. Ndicinga ukuba ukomelela kuza nobuchwephesha bengqondo, utshilo uGqirha Parazynski. Okukhona unokuzibandakanya kumava, kokukhona uya kuwukhumbula-uya kuba nefuthe ngakumbi kuwe.

3. Imikhosi ye-G enamava kuphehlelelo kunye nokuphinda ungene kwakhona ayinamandla njengoko unokulindela.

Ukuba ukhe wabukela ukusasazeka ngokusasazeka koosomajukujuku, wabamba nayiphi na into yaseHollywood malunga nokuhamba emajukujukwini, okanye iMission ekhwele: Indawo e-Walt Disney World's Epcot theme park, uyazi ukuba ngexesha lolwaziso, oosomajukujuku baphinde bachaphazeleka kwizihlalo zabo. (Kwaye, eneneni, ngexesha lokuphinda ungene kwakhona, kananjalo!) Bafumana amandla omeleleyo e-G, okanye imvakalelo yobunzima obuvakalayo ngexesha lokukhawulezisa. Ikwayimvakalelo efanayo oyifumanayo xa ukhawulezisa ngokukhawuleza emotweni okanye usondeza ngokusebenzisa iluphu okanye igophe elibukhali kwi-roller coaster, kodwa ngexesha lokuqaliswa kwerokethi, loo mikhosi yomelele kwaye yomelele. Ngelixa amava anokubonakala ngathi ayoyikisa kancinci, i-pros ithi ilawulwa ngokugqibeleleyo.

Imikhosi ye-G ayiphantse ukuba mbi njengoko ibonisa kwimiboniso bhanyabhanya, utshilo uGqirha Chiao. Ukuba ulungile ngokwaneleyo ukuba unganikwa imvume yonyango yokuthatha uhambo olunjengolu, awuyi kuba nangxaki ekuphatheni imikhosi ye-G. Ukwaphawula ukuba uya kudlula ekubalekeni kwe-centrifugal ngexesha loqeqesho lwakho ukulungiselela uvakalelo-uya kubotshelelwa kumatshini ojikelezayo ekuvumela ukuba ube namava omeleleyo e-G, njengaleyo ujikeleza kuyo epakini yokonwabisa apho ukhoyo icinezelwe eludongeni nasemgangathweni wehla.

Kodwa ukwenza ukwazisa kunye nokungena kwakhona ukhululeke emzimbeni wakho ngokusemandleni, uya kufuna ukukhulula ngokwasemzimbeni izihlunu zakho ukuze ungalwi nemikhosi ye-G. Ukuba uyayekelela kwaye uyeke umzimba wakho uzike kwisofa yokuvula, uza kuyinyamezela ngcono, utshilo uGqirha Chiao. Ukuba uqinile, kulapho ii-apos; apho ungazenzakalisa. Kwaye qiniseka ukuba amalungu akho kunye neengalo zingaphakathi kwesofa.

4. Ukulungiselela ukutyeba, kuya kufuneka ubhukishe i-zero-G yokubhabha.

Ngelixa kuthatha umgudu omninzi (kunye nexesha nemali) ukungena emajukujukwini ukuze ube namava obunzima, ungaluva uluvo kanye apha eMhlabeni- okanye mandithi, ngentla nje ngaphezulu. Konke okufuneka ukwenze kukubhukisha i-flight-gravity flight, apho inqwelomoya ibhabha kuthotho lweeparabolas (okanye iimilo ezinje nge-arch-like) ngexesha apho abakhweli banamava okulinganisa ukungakhathali ngokuwa simahla.

Kuyafana ngokwasemoyeni njengokubaleka esibhakabhakeni okanye ukukhwela i-roller coaster, kodwa kwezo meko zimbini, izivamvo zakho zikuxelela ukuba uyawa nyani. Xa ukwinqwelomoya ongu-zero-G, inqwelo-moya yehla ngendlela efanayo naleyo uyiyo, ke wena neapos ziyandanda ngaphakathi kwinqwelomoya, utshilo uGqirha Chiao. Yile nto injalo kwisiphekepheke xa usiya emajukujukwini kwaye iinjini zicinyiwe.

Ngokusebenzisa iinkampani zorhwebo ezinje ngeZero Gravity Corporation, nabani na onokugcina iindleko zetikiti unokufumana ubunzima - kwaye nabani na oceba ukwenza uhambo oluya emajukujukwini ngokuqinisekileyo makayinike. Ukuba banendlela, kufuneka bangene kwi-zero-G ngaphambi kokuba baye kwinqwelomoya, utshilo uGqirha Parazynski. Kungathatha eminye imfihlakalo ukuba 'ndizakuziva njani?' Kwaye 'ndihamba njani?'

5. Ukufunda indlela yokuntywila kwidiving kuhle uqeqesho lokunciphisa ubunzima, nako.

Ngelixa ukuba phantsi kwamanzi akufani nokuntywila esithubeni, yindlela elungileyo yokuziqhelanisa nokuhamba ubunzima. Ngapha koko, i-NASA ikwanomfanekiso wobomi be-ISS obekwe ngaphakathi echibini elikhulu, ukuze oosomajukujuku baqeqeshe iindlela zokuhamba ngaphantsi kwamanzi.

Ukuhamba ngokungakhathali kuza kuwe ngokukhawuleza xa uchitha ixesha phantsi kwamanzi, utshilo uGqirha Parazynski. Fumana ungathathi cala ngaphakathi emanzini kwaye ngobunono uzame kwaye uzishukumise kumgangatho wolwandle okanye ezantsi echibini lakho. Ayithathi mandla makhulu, kodwa ithatha ingcinga eninzi.

6. Yiza nesicwangciso somdlalo semizuzu yakho embalwa emajukujukwini.

Kwiinqwelomoya ezingezantsi, uza kuba nemizuzu embalwa kubunzima, ke kuya kufuneka ucwangcise ukuba ufuna ukulichitha njani ixesha lakho phaya. Chonga ukuba ungathanda na ukuzisa imemori enjengefoto yosapho okanye ipeni yekholeji yomfanekiso omnandi. (Abaphumelele kwi-Naval Academy yase-US kunye noogxa bakudala u-Wally Schirra kunye no-Tom Stafford ngokubalaseleyo babeka uphawu lwe-Beat Army kwifestile yesiphekepheke sabo iGemini VI, ke kukho isithethe eside salo). Thatha isigqibo kwangoko ukuba ufuna ukuzama ukuba yeyiphi na inqwelomoya yenqwelomoya ekuthiwa sisilumko sosomajukujuku, njengeflips okanye ijikelezisa. Kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, lixesha lohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lokujonga ngaphandle kwefestile.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu endinokuyixelela oosomajukujuku bexesha elizayo kukungcamla umbono ngefestile, utshilo uGqirha Parazynski. It & apos; s, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwekota elingcono, imbonakalo yamehlo kaThixo, kwaye ke bambalwa abantu abakhe banethuba lokuyibona. Yinto entle kakhulu ukuba ubhabhe esithubeni kwaye ujonge ezantsi kwiplanethi yakho.

7. Ungakhathazeki ngokuthatha iifoto zakho.

Ngokubhekisele ekuthatheni iifoto, andazi ukuba ndingayincoma, utshilo uGqirha Chiao. Awuyi kulunge kakhulu kuyo, okokuqala, kuba kuthatha umkhuba omncinci wokuziqhelanisa no-zero-G. Musa ukuchitha elo xesha uthatha iifoto. Fumana iinkumbulo zakho, jonga ezi festile, kwaye ukonwabele amava okuphela kobunzima. Kwaye, xa unikwe ithegi yexabiso lezi zibhakabhaka, siqinisekile ukuba umqhubi wakho uya kukubonelela ngeefoto kunye neevidiyo zohambo lwakho.

I-NASA Astronaut LeRoy Chiao kwindawo Ityala: NgeNASA

8. Xa ungena kwi-zero-G, unokuziva unesiyezi.

Umsebenzi womzimba ngokwahlukileyo kancinci xa ususa amandla omxhuzulane kwi-equation ixesha elizinzileyo, kwaye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokubandakanya ukuba nesiyezi kunye nesicaphucaphu. Uza kuziva uphelele ngenxa yokuba akusekho gravity itsalela ulwelo ezantsi emilenzeni yakho, utshilo uGqirha Chiao. Kwaye ke lonke ulwelo luza kunyuka emzimbeni wakho, kwaye unokukuva kwangoko. Ivakala ngathi uhleli entlokweni yakho.

Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba, kwiinqwelomoya ezihamba ngenqwelomoya, unokukwazi ukuyiphepha eyona nto imbi kakhulu kuyo. I-adrenaline kunye nolonwabo luza kukwenza ulunge ekuqaleni, kwaye ngexesha onokuthi uqale ngalo uziva ungalunganga, lixesha lokuba ubuyisele umva ngaphakathi kwaye uphinde ubuye ezantsi, utshilo uGqirha Chiao.

9. Ukuba uchitha iintsuku ezimbalwa esithubeni, zilungiselele amaqhuma kunye nemivumbo.

Kwindiza engaphantsi komtshato, ngekhe ubenetoni yexesha emajukujukwini, ke ngekhe ubenexhala lokuqhelanisa no-zero-G. Kodwa ezinye iinkampani ezisebenza ngeenqwelo moya zabucala zijonge ukuthumela abathengi bazo kwi-orbit ukuhlala ixesha elide. Ukuba uza kuchitha iintsuku ezimbalwa okanye nokuba ziiveki ezimbalwa phezulu esithubeni, mhlawumbi uzokungqubeka entloko ngaphezulu kwesihlandlo esinye, nokuba uqeqeshe kangakanani amava.

Kuhlekisa ngenene ukubukela oosomajukujuku boosky ngosuku lokuqala okanye ezimbini ukuya kwimishini, utshilo uGqirha Parazynski. Sasizibiza ngokuba yinkomo kwivenkile yasechina. Bayazityhala ngamandla apheleleyo kwaye bayayityumza ukakayi lwabo okanye babethe amadolo.

10. Nawe uza kwenza ukungcola.

Ukwenza imisebenzi yesiqhelo njengokuxubha amazinyo (awungekhe nje uthambise intlama yakho yamazinyo kwisinki), usike iinzipho zakho (awufuni ukuba zijikeleze kwisitishi sakho sendawo), kwaye uye kwigumbi lokuhlambela (ukhe wacinga ngawo Ungayisebenzisa njani indlu yangasese ngaphandle komxhuzulane?) Ngawo onke amava ahlukileyo kubunzima. Ngokuqinisekileyo, unokuba neengozi ezimbalwa ekuqaleni kohambo lwakho.

Ukuhlala nje phantsi esidlweni, ubeka ifolokhwe yakho phantsi, kwaye ihambile ngemizuzwana engama-30, utshilo uGqirha Parazynski. Ungayifumana kwiintsuku ezimbini kamva kwi-cabin yokucoca umoya kuba kulapho imimoya yomoya iyithathile. Ngethamsanqa, ifolokhwe elahlekileyo yinto elula ukuyicoca- kwaye imeko inokuthintelwa ngokuyifaka phantsi. Olunye udaba lindaba eyahlukileyo.

Ngokubhekisele ekusebenziseni igumbi langasese, yiyo loo nto kufuneka unikele ingqalelo kuyo ngexesha loqeqesho lwakho. Indlu yangasese ayilulanga ngokukodwa kwaye kufuneka ulumke, utshilo uGqirha Chiao. (Kwimeko apho ubuzibuza, izindlu zangasese zasemoyeni zisebenzisa ukuhamba komoya ukukhokela izinto apho kufanele ukuba ziye khona.) Kodwa zilungiselele ukwenza ezinye izinto ezimbi, utshilo uGqirha Chiao. Kwaye wonke umntu kufuneka acoce ukungcola kwakhe.

11. Ukuba uza kwenza i-spacewalk, izibonda ziphezulu kakhulu kuwe nakubasebenzi bakho.

Ukuba ufuna ukupota ujikeleze isithuba ngejetpack enje ngoGeorge Clooney ngaphakathi Umxhuzulane Uxolo, kodwa amathuba awazukwenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha kungekudala. Uninzi loosomajukujuku babucala baya kungena ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphakathi kubugcisa babo ngexesha lokubaleka kwabo. Kodwa ayisiyonto ingenakwenzeka-inkampani yabucala yokubhabha ngendiza i-Space Adventures isebenzisane nombutho wasemajukujukwini waseRoscosmos ukuthumela abathengi ababini emajukujukwini ngo-2023, kwaye omnye wabo uya kudla ngokuhamba emajukujukwini .

Ngokungafaniyo neenqwelomoya ezingekho mthethweni, iinqwelo-moya ezijikelezayo ezinesiphekepheke ziya kufuna uqeqesho olubanzi, ngenxa yokuba iindawo zokuhamba ngomkhumbi zinobungozi ngokwendalo kunokumane usiya emajukujukwini kukhuseleko lwesiphekepheke. Ukuba awukhathalelanga ii-tethers zakho kwaye uyadada uye kungena ngaphandle, akukho nto ininzi umntu anokuza kukwenzela yona, utshilo uGqirha Parazynski. Kungenzeka ukuba umntu osebenza naye angakwazi ukuphuma aye kukuhlangula, kodwa ke ubeka ubomi babo engozini. Eyona nto iphambili kukuba umntu ohamba emajukujukwini angacingi nje ngempilo yabo kunye nokuphila kwabo kunye namava abo, kodwa kwanalawo basebenza nabo, utshilo.

12. Ukuba ukwi-capsule, zilungiselele ukufika ngokungxama.

Ngelixa ekuphela kwendlela yokuya emajukujukwini yirokethi, zimbini iindlela zokubuyela ezantsi: ngesithuthi esinamaphiko, njengesiphekepheke okanye iVirgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo, okanye ngepilisi, njengoApollo, Soyuz, kunye neBlue Origin's New Shepard . Amava ahluke kakhulu, njengoko izithuthi ezinamaphiko zihamba njengenqwelomoya kwinqwelomoya, ngelixa iicapsule zehla ngaphantsi kweparashuti emhlabeni okanye emanzini. Ngelixa bobabini befumana uluhlu lwemikhosi ye-G ngexesha lokungena kwakhona, iifomsile zinokukhwela okurhabaxa, ngakumbi esiphelweni.

Xa iparashute iphuma, ungalindela ukudityaniswa ngesixa esifanelekileyo, ukuze oko kube kukuphazamiseka, utshilo uGqirha Chiao. Ke, nokuba ubetha amanzi okanye umhlaba, uza kufumana iqhuma elilungileyo. Kukho iindlela zokutsala ezothusayo, ewe, ezenza ukuba zingabi yinto enkulu kakhulu. Kodwa kwiSoyuz, ubetha umhlaba kakuhle darn kanzima. Yayiyinto emangalisayo!

13. Kuya kufaneleka yonke ipeni.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, kuyakubiza indleko encinci ukuya emajukujukwini njengokhenketho- okwangoku, leyo yindawo ethile kwibhola ye- $ 250,000 ngenqwelomoya, kunye nezigidi zeedola ukuhlala ixesha elide kwi-orbital. Kodwa buza nawuphi na usomajukujuku, kwaye baqinisekile ukukuxelela ukuba kuya kulungela utyalo-mali.

Into endinokuyithetha kubavumisi ngoosomajukujuku kukuba izakutshintsha ubomi babo ngonaphakade, utshilo uGqirha Parazynski. Yimbono engenakubanjwa kwiimvakalelo kwifilimu. Nokuba kwi-3D-IMAX, akukho ndlela yokubamba indlela eza kukwenza uzive ngayo, unxibelelwano oziva ngalo kwiplanethi yoMhlaba, kunye noloyiko onalo xa ujonge kwindalo iphela.